KECERDASAN BUATAN DALAM EKONOMI SYARIAH: INOVASI DIGITAL, KEPATUHAN SYARIAH, DAN IMPLEMENTASI MAQASHID SYARIAH
Keywords:
kecerdasan buatan; ekonomi syariah; Islamic fintech; kepatuhan syariah; Maqashid Syariah; responsible AI; Shariah governanceAbstract
Kecerdasan buatan (Artificial Intelligence/AI) semakin terintegrasi dalam aktivitas ekonomi dan keuangan digital, termasuk perbankan syariah dan Islamic fintech. Artikel ini menganalisis bagaimana AI dapat mendukung inovasi ekonomi syariah sekaligus tetap tunduk pada prinsip syariah dan tujuan Maqashid Syariah. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui studi kepustakaan dan sintesis konseptual. Basis kajian terdiri atas artikel jurnal mutakhir, buku akademik, dan prosiding, serta bukti empiris terdokumentasi dari konteks Indonesia. Analisis diarahkan pada lima persoalan yang saling berkaitan, yaitu inovasi berbasis AI, kepatuhan syariah, keadilan dan explainability algoritmik, perlindungan data dan konsumen, serta tata kelola berorientasi Maqashid. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa manfaat praktis AI terlihat pada otomatisasi, dukungan keputusan, pelayanan nasabah, deteksi fraud, manajemen risiko, personalisasi, dan perluasan akses. Namun, bukti empiris Indonesia menunjukkan bahwa implementasi AI bukan sekadar proyek teknologi; kesiapan institusi, pengawasan manusia, kualitas data, kepercayaan pengguna, dan persepsi kepatuhan syariah ikut menentukan nilai yang dihasilkan. Artikel ini menawarkan kerangka Maqashid-Oriented Responsible Artificial Intelligence yang menempatkan inovasi AI sebagai instrumen yang dikendalikan melalui Shariah governance dan dievaluasi berdasarkan kemaslahatan, keadilan, perlindungan harta, akal, jiwa, agama, dan keturunan. Kerangka tersebut menggeser orientasi transformasi digital dari efisiensi teknologi semata menuju inovasi yang bertanggung jawab, transparan, adil, aman, dapat dijelaskan, dan selaras dengan tujuan ekonomi Islam
References
Adelowotan, M., & Coovadia, H. (Eds.). (2026). AI and accountability: Shaping ethical governance in the age of algorithms. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-20091-4
Ahmad Fauzi bin Ismail, A. F., Mohd Razali, N. S., & Hassan, Z. (2026). Artificial intelligence and green finance in Islamic economics: An integrated framework for ESG-Maqasid alignment and sustainable development goals achievement. Proceeding of the International Conference on Economics, Accounting, and Taxation, 3(1), 284–291. https://doi.org/10.61132/iceat.v3i1.264
Alareeni, B. A. M., & Elgedawy, I. (Eds.). (2023). Artificial intelligence (AI) and finance. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39158-3
Ali, M., Tong, W., Koh, H. P., Leong, C.-M., Puah, C.-H., & Wang, F. (2026). Islamic FinTech: Analyzing current status, trends and future directions. Journal of Islamic Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-08-2024-0377
Alkasasbeh, H., Oudat, M. S., Abu-AlSondos, I. A., & Alhawamdeh, L. (2024). Metaverse finance: Shaping the future of Islamic fintech solutions in UAE. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 17(2), 551–569. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-01-2024-0039
Alloghani, M. A. (2024). Artificial intelligence and sustainability. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45214-7
Alsmadi, A. A., Alrawashdeh, N., Al-Gasaymeh, A. S., & Al-hazimeh, A. M. (2023). Adoption of Islamic FinTech in lending services through prediction of behavioural intention. Kybernetes, 53(6), 1921–1938. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-10-2022-1362
Arnone, G. (2024). AI and chatbots in FinTech: Revolutionizing digital experiences and predictive analytics. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55536-7
Aysan, A. F., Qadri, H. M.-u.-D., & Ali, H. (Eds.). (2026). Artificial intelligence and the future of Islamic finance. Routledge.
Azwar, A., Usman, A. H., & Abdullah, M. F. R. (2025). Artificial intelligence and Islamic finance: A Scopus-based literature mapping through a PRISMA protocol. Journal of Islamic Law on Digital Economy and Business, 1(1), 65–83. https://doi.org/10.20885/JILDEB.vol1.iss1.art5
Azwar, A., Usman, A. H., & Possumah, B. T. (2026). Revolutionising Islamic finance with artificial intelligence: A bibliometric and strategic analysis. Journal of Central Banking Law and Institutions, 5(2), 241–280. https://doi.org/10.21098/jcli.v5i2.329
Boddington, P. (2023). AI ethics: A textbook. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9382-4
Camilleri, M. A. (2023). Artificial intelligence governance: Ethical considerations and implications for social responsibility. Expert Systems, 41(7), e13406. https://doi.org/10.1111/exsy.13406
Černevičienė, J., & Kabašinskas, A. (2024). Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) in finance: A systematic literature review. Artificial Intelligence Review, 57, 216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-024-10854-8
Das, S., Stanton, R., & Wallace, N. (2023). Algorithmic fairness. Annual Review of Financial Economics, 15, 565–593. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-financial-110921-125930
De Castro Vieira, J. R., Barboza, F., Cajueiro, D., & Kimura, H. (2025). Towards fair AI: Mitigating bias in credit decisions—A systematic literature review. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 18(5), 228. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm18050228
Fitz-Gerald, A., Ganesh, V., Nathwani, J., Niazi, M., & Herdem, M. S. (Eds.). (2026). Foundational principles of AI governance and policy. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-05588-0
Gregory, S., & Sircar, A. (2025). AI governance handbook: A practical guide for enterprise AI adoption. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-89266-0
Hakim, M. H. A. (2026). The validity of artificial intelligence (AI)-based business contracts from the perspective of Islamic economic law and Maqasid al-Shari‘ah. Proceeding International Conference on Islam, Law, and Society, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.70062/incoils.v5i1.362
Hamadou, I., Yumna, A., Hamadou, H., & Jallow, M. S. (2024). Unleashing the power of artificial intelligence in Islamic banking: A case study of Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI). Modern Finance, 2(1), 131–144. https://doi.org/10.61351/mf.v2i1.116
Harits, M., & Isman. (2026). Artificial intelligence in Islamic finance: Maintaining Islamic ethics with the Maqasid al-Shariah framework. Proceeding ISETH (International Summit on Science, Technology, and Humanity), 1230–1239. https://doi.org/10.23917/iseth.6929
Hasanah, E. N., Mudrikah, A., & Mahfuzh, M. A. (2025). The role of artificial intelligence in reducing non-performing financing (NPF) in Islamic banking: A systematic literature review. Proceeding International Seminar of Islamic Studies (INSIS 7).
Ihyani, L., Saputra, S., Ayu, B. D. P., & Khatimah, W. S. W. (2025). Analysis of artificial intelligence implementation in Islamic banking during an era of uncertainty. Proceedings of the International Conference of Islamic Economics and Business (ICONIES).
Iqbal, M. S., Sukamto, F. A. M. S. B., Norizan, S. N. B., Mahmood, S., Fatima, A., & Hashmi, F. (2025). AI in Islamic finance: Global trends, ethical implications, and bibliometric insights. Review of Islamic Social Finance and Entrepreneurship, 4(1), 70–85. https://doi.org/10.20885/RISFE.vol4.iss1.art6
Irfan, M., Kadry, S., Sharif, M., & Khan, H. U. (Eds.). (2024). Fintech applications in Islamic finance: AI, machine learning, and blockchain techniques. IGI Global Scientific Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-1038-0
Kadlina, & Munandar, A. (2025). Artificial intelligence in Islamic finance: How the Maqashid Sharia views it. Proceedings of International Conference on Islamic Community Studies.
Kharisma, D. B. (2026). Artificial intelligence and Islamic finance industry: Problems and oversight. International Journal of Law and Management, 68(4), 653–675. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-07-2024-0236
Kharisma, D. B., Wiwoho, J., & Arsyad, I. (2025). AI meets Shariah: Ensuring robo-advisors for compliance in Islamic mutual funds. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-10-2024-0388
Kismawadi, E. R., Hervasha, T., & Syahril, M. (2024). Optimizing Sharia principles through artificial intelligence: A juridical-economic inquiry into combating fraud in Islamic financial institutions. Proceedings Dirundeng International Conference on Islamic Studies, 3. https://doi.org/10.47498/dicis.v3i.2805
Kovač, M. (2024). Generative artificial intelligence: A law and economics approach to optimal regulation and governance. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-65514-2
Lara, F., & Deckers, J. (Eds.). (2023). Ethics of artificial intelligence. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48135-2
Lau, T. (2025). Banking on (artificial) intelligence: Navigating the realities of AI in financial services. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-81647-5
Maniam, S. (2024). Determinants of Islamic fintech adoption: A systematic literature review. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 15(11), 2916–2936. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-11-2023-0373
Marino, D., Cananzi, D., & Aragona, F. (2024). Ethics and artificial intelligence: Towards a moral technology. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50902-5
Montasari, R., Jahankhani, H., & Masys, A. J. (Eds.). (2025). Navigating the intersection of artificial intelligence, security, and ethical governance: Sentinels of cyberspace. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-72821-1
Moro-Visconti, R. (2024). Artificial intelligence valuation: The impact on automation, BioTech, ChatBots, FinTech, B2B2C, and other industries. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53622-9
Nissa, I. K., Subando, J., Sulistyowati, S., Safitri, Y., & Syamsuddin, S. (2026). Opportunities and challenges in implementing artificial intelligence in the development of Sharia financial products at Bank Syariah Indonesia. Proceeding ISETH (International Summit on Science, Technology, and Humanity).
Nuhic-Meskovic, M., Hassan, M. K., & Meskovic, A. (2026). Islamic FinTech: A systematic literature review of trends and research gaps. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-10-2025-0662
Qadri, H. M.-u.-D., & Bhatti, M. I. (Eds.). (2025). Islamic finance in the modern era: Digitalization, FinTech and social finance. Routledge.
Sayles, J. (2024). Principles of AI governance and model risk management: Master the techniques for ethical and transparent AI systems. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/979-8-8688-0983-5
Smolo, E., & Raheem, M. M. (Eds.). (2024). The future of Islamic finance: From Shari'ah law to FinTech. Emerald Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83549-906-1
Stahl, B. C., Schroeder, D., & Rodrigues, R. (2023). Ethics of artificial intelligence: Case studies and options for addressing ethical challenges. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17040-9
Suhartanto, D., Setiawan, S., & Safitri, F. M. (2026). AI-enabled brand experience and Shariah compliance in Islamic digital banking. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 17(8), 2812–2831. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-07-2025-0411
Syukri, M. (2025). Artificial intelligence in fatwa and Islamic law: Prospects, regulations, and ethics. Proceeding of International Conference on Islamic and Interdisciplinary Studies, 4.
Wahyudi, A. (2025). Building a framework for artificial intelligence governance based on Maqashid Sharia: A conceptual review for a fair digital economy. Annual International Conference on Islamic Economics and Business (AICIEB, 5), 132–138. https://doi.org/10.18326/aicieb.v5i-.769
Walker, T., Gramlich, D., & Sadati, A. (Eds.). (2024). Artificial intelligence, finance, and sustainability: Economic, ecological, and ethical implications. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-66205-8
Wasim, M. H., & Zafar, M. B. (2024). Shariah governance and Islamic banks: A systematic literature review. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-11-2023-0386
Wazin, W., Patimah, S., Ansori, A., & Wasehudin. (2025). Optimizing AI technology in assessing Islamic financing risks: A SWOT analysis of challenges and opportunities from an Islamic legal perspective (Fiqh). Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam, 10(1), 172–193. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v10i1.11941
Weber, P., Carl, K. V., & Hinz, O. (2024). Applications of explainable artificial intelligence in finance—a systematic review of finance, information systems, and computer science literature. Management Review Quarterly, 74, 867–907. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-023-00320-0
Zafar, M. B., & Ali, H. (2026). Shariah governance standard on generative AI for Islamic financial institutions. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-03-2025-0141
